Repository of Useful Scales

Here you will find a list of scales and measures that could be useful in measuring outcomes in RCCs and studies. Below, the items have been grouped by the counstructs they measure. You can open a PDF containing the full items and scoring of each measure by clicking on the link in the “Items” column.

Note: This list is still a work in progress, so any blank spaces currently in the tables will be filled in at a later time. We will also be adding more scales and measures over time.

If you would like more information on any of the listed scales, please email recoveryseminars@mgh.harvard.edu

Recovery Specific Constructs

Name	# Items	Items
Substance Use Recovery Evaluator (SURE)	26	(Neale et al., 2016)
Brief Assessment of Recovery Capital (BARC-10)	10	(Vilsaint et al., 2017)
Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC)	50	(Groshkova et al., 2013)
Recovery Progression Measure (RPM)	36	(Elison et al., 2016)

Evaluation of Services

Name	# Items	Items
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ)	8	(Larsen, 1979)
Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment (CEST)	130	(Institute of Behavioral Research, 2005)
Social Support Subscale of Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment (CEST-SS)	9	(Institute of Behavioral Research, 2005)
Utilization of Recovery-Oriented Services	4	Recovery-Oriented Service Items
Group Cohesion Measure	11	Group Cohesion Items
Ways in Which RCCs Confer Benefit	17	Ways in Which RCCs Confer Benefit

Quality of Life

Name	# Items	Items
EUROHIS-QOL	8	(Schmidt et al., 2006)
Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF	26	(WHOQOL Group, 1998)

Emotional Well-Being

Name	# Items	Items
Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWL)	5	(Diener et al., 1985)
Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale	1	(Robins et al., 2001)
Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)	4	(Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999)
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)	10	(Rosenberg, 1965)

Flourishing

Name	# Items	Items
Flourishing Measure (FM)	6	(VanderWeele, 2017)
Flourishing Scale (FS)	8	(Diener et al., 2010)
Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS)	14	(Snaith et al., 1995)
State Optimism Measure (SOM)	7	(Millstein et al., 2019)
Brief State Optimism Measure (B-SOM)	2	B-SOM Items

Mechanisms of Behavior Change

Name	# Items	Items
Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy 12-Item (AASE-12)	12	(McKiernan et al., 2011)
Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy 20-Item (AASE-20)	20	(DiClemente et al., 1994)

Resilience

Name	# Items	Items
Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)	5	(Smith et al., 2008)

Anxiety and Depression

Name	# Items	Items
Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10)	10	(Andresen et al., 1994)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7)	7	(Spitzer et al., 2006 & Löwe et al., 2008)
Personal Health Questionnaire – 4 items (PHQ-4)	4	(Kroenke et al,. 2009)
Personal Health Questionnaire – 8 items (PHQ-8)	8	(Kroenke et al,. 2009)

Medication-Assisted Treatment

Name	# Items	Items
The Attitudes Toward MAT Scale	36	(Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2018)

Substance Use

Name	# Items	Items
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C)	3	(Bradley et al., 2007)
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – 10-item measure (AUDIT 10)	10	(Bohn et al., 1995)
Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10)	10	(Skinner, 1982)

Physical Health

Name	# Items	Items
Rand Health Survey (SF-36)	36	(Hays et al., 1993)

Stress

Name	# Items	Items
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)	10	(Cohen, 1983)
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4)	4	(Cohen, 1983)

Additional Scales and Measures

These scales are not directly relevant to RCCs, but are still useful in the study of substance use and recovery.

Name	# Items	Items
Timeline Follow-Back (Form 90)	58	(Miller, 1996)
Barriers to Retention in Substance Use Treatment	19	(Zemore et al., 2021)
Life Goals	1	Life Goals